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Abstract. Understanding and modeling the large-scale transport of trace gases andaerosols is important for interpreting past (and projecting future) changesin atmospheric composition. Here we show that there are large differences inthe global-scale atmospheric transport properties among the modelsparticipating in the IGAC SPARC Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI).Specifically, we find up to 40 % differences in the transport timescalesconnecting the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude surface to the Arctic andto Southern Hemisphere high latitudes, where the mean age ranges between 1.7and 2.6 years. We show that these differences are related to largedifferences in vertical transport among the simulations, in particular todifferences in parameterized convection over the oceans. While strongerconvection over NH midlatitudes is associated with slower transport to theArctic, stronger convection in the tropics and subtropics is associated withfaster interhemispheric transport. We also show that the differences amongsimulations constrained with fields derived from the same reanalysis productsare as large as (and in some cases larger than) the differences amongfree-running simulations, most likely due to larger differences inparameterized convection. Our results indicate that care must be taken whenusing simulations constrained with analyzed winds to interpret the influenceof meteorology on tropospheric composition.

Large-scale tropospheric transport in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) simulations