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. Volatile and intermediate-volatility non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) released from biomass burning were measured duringlaboratory-simulated wildfires by proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF). We identified NMOGcontributors to more than 150 PTR ion masses using gas chromatography (GC) pre-separation with electron ionization, H3O+ chemical ionization, and NO+ chemical ionization, an extensive literature review, andtime series correlation, providing higher certainty for ion identifications than has been previously available. Ourinterpretation of the PTR-ToF mass spectrum accounts for nearly 90 % of NMOG mass detected by PTR-ToF across all fueltypes. The relative contributions of different NMOGs to individual exact ion masses are mostly similar across many firesand fuel types. The PTR-ToF measurements are compared to corresponding measurements from open-path Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR), broadband cavity-enhanced spectroscopy (ACES), and iodide ion chemical ionization massspectrometry ( I− CIMS) where possible. The majority of comparisons have slopes near 1 and values of the linearcorrelation coefficient, R2 , of  >  0.8, including compounds that are not frequently reported by PTR-MS such asammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), nitrous acid (HONO), and propene. The exceptions include methylglyoxal and compounds thatare known to be difficult to measure with one or more of the deployed instruments. The fire-integrated emission ratios toCO and emission factors of NMOGs from 18 fuel types are provided. Finally, we provide an overview of the chemicalcharacteristics of detected species. Non-aromatic oxygenated compounds are the most abundant. Furans and aromatics, whileless abundant, comprise a large portion of the OH reactivity. The OH reactivity, its major contributors, and thevolatility distribution of emissions can change considerably over the course of a fire.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning: identification, quantification, and emission factors from PTR-ToF during the FIREX 2016 laboratory experiment