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Exposure to wildland fire smoke is associated with negative effects\udon human health. However, these effects are poorly quantified. Accurately\udattributing health endpoints to wildland fire smoke requires determining the\udlocations, concentrations, and durations of smoke events. Most current\udmethods for assessing these smoke events (ground-based measurements,\udsatellite observations, and chemical transport modeling) are limited\udtemporally, spatially, and/or by their level of accuracy. In this work, we\udexplore using daily social media posts from Facebook regarding smoke, haze, and air quality\udto assess population-level exposure for the summer of 2015 in\udthe western US. We compare this de-identified, aggregated Facebook dataset to\udseveral other datasets that are commonly used for estimating exposure, such\udas satellite observations (MODIS aerosol optical depth and Hazard Mapping\udSystem smoke plumes), daily (24 h) average surface particulate matter\udmeasurements, and model-simulated (WRF-Chem) surface concentrations. After\udadding population-weighted spatial smoothing to the Facebook data, this\uddataset is well correlated (R2 generally above 0.5) with the other\udmethods in smoke-impacted regions. The Facebook dataset is better correlated\udwith surface measurements of PM2. 5 at a majority of monitoring sites\ud(163 of 293 sites) than the satellite observations and our model simulation. We also present an example case for Washington state in 2015, for which we\udcombine this Facebook dataset with MODIS observations and WRF-Chem-simulated\udPM2. 5 in a regression model. We show that the addition of the Facebook\uddata improves the regression model's ability to predict surface\udconcentrations. This high correlation of the Facebook data with surface\udmonitors and our Washington state example suggests that this\udsocial-media-based proxy can be used to estimate smoke exposure in locations\udwithout direct ground-based particulate matter measurements

Status update: is smoke on your mind? Using social media to assess smoke exposure