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The ozonolysis of α-phellandrene, a highly reactiveconjugated monoterpene largely emitted by Eucalypt species, is characterisedin detail for the first time using a smog chamber at the Guangzhou Instituteof Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Gas-phase species weremonitored by a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer(PTR-TOF), with yields from a large number of products obtained, includingformaldehyde (5–9 %), acetaldehyde (0.2–8 %), glyoxal (6–23 %), methylglyoxal (2–9 %), formic acid (22–37 %) and acetic acid (9–22 %).Higher m∕z second-generation oxidation products were also observed,with products tentatively identified according to a constructed degradationmechanism. OH yields from α-phellandrene and its first-generationproducts were found to be 35 ± 12 and 15 ± 7 %,respectively, indicative of prominent hydroperoxide channels. An averagefirst-generation rate coefficient was determined as 1.0 ± 0.7  ×  10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K, showingozonolysis as a dominant loss process for both α-phellandrene and itsfirst-generation products in the atmosphere. Endocyclic conjugation inα-phellandrene was also found to be conducive to the formation ofhighly condensible products with a large fraction of the carbon masspartitioning into the aerosol phase, which was monitored with a scanningmobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosolmass spectrometer (AMS). Nucleation was observed almost instantaneously uponozonolysis, indicating the rapid formation of extremely low-volatilitycompounds. Particle nucleation was found to be suppressed by the addition ofeither NO2 or a Criegee scavenger, with it being proposed that stabilisedCriegee intermediates are important for new particle formation in the system.Aerosol yields ranged from 25 to 174 % depending on mass loadings, with bothfirst- and second-generation products identified as large contributors to theaerosol mass. In short, with a high chemical reactivity and aerosol-formingpropensity, α-phellandrene is expected to have an immediate impact onthe local environment to which it is emitted, with ozonolysis likely to be animportant contributor to the significant blue haze and frequent nocturnalnucleation events observed over Eucalypt forests

Ozonolysis of &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;-phellandrene – Part 1: Gas- and particle-phase characterisation

Ozonolysis of <i>α</i>-phellandrene – Part 1: Gas- and particle-phase characterisation