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With the present demand on fast and inexpensive aerosolsource apportionment methods, the Aethalometer model was evaluated for afull seasonal cycle (June 2014–June 2015) at a rural atmospheric measurementstation in southern Sweden by using radiocarbon and levoglucosanmeasurements. By utilizing differences in absorption of UV and IR, theAethalometer model apportions carbon mass into wood burning (WB) and fossilfuel combustion (FF) aerosol. In this study, a small modification in themodel in conjunction with carbon measurements from thermal–optical analysisallowed apportioned non-light-absorbing biogenic aerosol to vary in time.The absorption differences between WB and FF can be quantified by theabsorption Ångström exponent (AAE). In this study AAEWB was setto 1.81 and AAEFF to 1.0. Our observations show that the AAE waselevated during winter (1.36 ± 0.07) compared to summer (1.12 ± 0.07).Quantified WB aerosol showed good agreement with levoglucosanconcentrations, both in terms of correlation (R2 = 0. 70) and incomparison to reference emission inventories. WB aerosol showed strongseasonal variation with high concentrations during winter(0.65 µg m−3, 56 % of total carbon) and low concentrations during summer(0.07 µg m−3, 6 % of total carbon). FF aerosol showed lessseasonal dependence; however, black carbon (BC) FF showed clear diurnalpatterns corresponding to traffic rush hour peaks. The presumed non-light-absorbing biogenic carbonaceous aerosol concentration was high during summer(1.04 µg m−3, 72 % of total carbon) and low during winter(0.13 µg m−3, 8 % of total carbon). Aethalometer modelresults were further compared to radiocarbon and levoglucosan sourceapportionment results. The comparison showed good agreement for apportionedmass of WB and biogenic carbonaceous aerosol, but discrepancies were foundfor FF aerosol mass. The Aethalometer model overestimated FF aerosol mass bya factor of 1.3 compared to radiocarbon and levoglucosan sourceapportionment. A performed sensitivity analysis suggests that thisdiscrepancy can be explained by interference of non-light-absorbing biogeniccarbon during winter. In summary, the Aethalometer model offers acost-effective yet robust high-time-resolution source apportionment atrural background stations compared to a radiocarbon and levoglucosanalternative

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Carbonaceous aerosol source apportionment using the Aethalometer model – evaluation by radiocarbon and levoglucosan analysis at a rural background site in southern Sweden