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We use the HadGEM3-GA4, CESM1, and GISS ModelE2 climate models toinvestigate the global and regional aerosol burden, radiative flux, andsurface temperature responses to removing anthropogenic sulfur dioxide(SO2) emissions from China. We find that the models differ by up to afactor of 6 in the simulated change in aerosol optical depth (AOD) andshortwave radiative flux over China that results from reduced sulfateaerosol, leading to a large range of magnitudes in the regional and globaltemperature responses. Two of the three models simulate a near-ubiquitoushemispheric warming due to the regional SO2 removal, with similaritiesin the local and remote pattern of response, but overall with asubstantially different magnitude. The third model simulates almost nosignificant temperature response. We attribute the discrepancies in theresponse to a combination of substantial differences in the chemicalconversion of SO2 to sulfate, translation of sulfate mass into AOD,cloud radiative interactions, and differences in the radiative forcingefficiency of sulfate aerosol in the models. The model with the strongestresponse (HadGEM3-GA4) compares best with observations of AOD regionally,however the other two models compare similarly (albeit poorly) and stilldisagree substantially in their simulated climate response, indicating thattotal AOD observations are far from sufficient to determine which modelresponse is more plausible. Our results highlight that there remains a largeuncertainty in the representation of both aerosol chemistry as well asdirect and indirect aerosol radiative effects in current climate models, andreinforces that caution must be applied when interpreting the results ofmodelling studies of aerosol influences on climate. Model studies thatimplicate aerosols in climate responses should ideally explore a range ofradiative forcing strengths representative of this uncertainty, in additionto thoroughly evaluating the models used against observations

Regional and global temperature response to anthropogenic SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from China in three climate models

Regional and global temperature response to anthropogenic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from China in three climate models