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Warmer temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last several decades have been credited with increasing vegetation activityand photosynthetic uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere in the highnorthern latitude ecosystems: the boreal forest and arctic tundra. At thesame time, soils in the region have been warming, permafrost is melting, firefrequency and severity are increasing, and some regions of the boreal forestare showing signs of stress due to drought or insect disturbance. The recenttrends in net carbon balance of these ecosystems, across heterogeneousdisturbance patterns, and the future implications of these changes areunclear. Here, we examine CO2 fluxes from northern boreal and tundraregions from 1985 to 2012, estimated from two atmospheric inversions (RIGC and Jena).Both used measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations and wind fields frominterannually variable climate reanalysis. In the arctic zone, the latituderegion above 60° N excluding Europe(10° W–63° E), neither inversion finds a significant long-termtrend in annual CO2 balance. The boreal zone, the latitude region fromapproximately 50–60° N, again excluding Europe,showed a trend of 8–11 Tg C yr−2 over the common period of validityfrom 1986 to 2006, resulting in an annual CO2 sink in 2006 that was170–230 Tg C yr−1 larger than in 1986. This trend appears tocontinue through 2012 in the Jena inversion as well. In both latitudinalzones, the seasonal amplitude of monthly CO2 fluxes increased due toincreased uptake in summer, and in the arctic zone also due to increasedfall CO2 release. These findings suggest that the boreal zone has beenmaintaining and likely increasing CO2 sink strength over this period,despite browning trends in some regions and changes in fire frequency and landuse. Meanwhile, the arctic zone shows that increased summer CO2 uptake,consistent with strong greening trends, is offset by increased fall CO2 release, resulting in a net neutral trend in annual fluxes. The inversionfluxes from the arctic and boreal zones covering the permafrost regionsshowed no indication of a large-scale positive climate–carbon feedback causedby warming temperatures on high northern latitude terrestrial CO2 fluxes from 1985 to 2012

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Increasing summer net CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; uptake in high northern ecosystems inferred from atmospheric inversions and comparisons to remote-sensing NDVI