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Acceleration of anthropogenic emissions in China has substantially increased\udnitrogen (N) deposition during the last 3 decades and may result in an\udimbalance of atmospheric N and phosphorus (P) inputs in terrestrial\udecosystems. However, the status of P deposition in China is poorly\udunderstood. This study synthesized data on total P and total N concentrations\udin bulk precipitation and throughfall from published literature to assess the\udcharacteristics of P deposition, N deposition and N : P deposition ratio in\udChina's forests. Our results show relatively high mean rates of bulk P\uddeposition (0.38 kg P ha−1 yr−1) and total P deposition\ud(0.69 kg P ha−1 yr−1), but they were accompanied by even more elevated N inputs via bulk deposition\ud(16.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and total deposition\ud(21.6 kg N ha−1 yr−1), resulting in high N : P ratios in bulk\uddeposition (44.4) and total deposition (32.8). Based on the\uddifference between total deposition and bulk deposition, canopy-captured dry\udP and N deposition was estimated to be 0.31 kg P ha−1 yr−1 and\ud5.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. We found significantly higher\udP deposition and lower N : P ratios at sites nearby than those far from\udsemiarid regions. The estimated bulk and total deposition of P and N both\udshowed a significant power-law increase with decreasing distance to the nearest\udlarge cities either in the areas nearby or far from semiarid regions. Our\udresults suggest an anthropogenic alternation of regional P and N cycling,\udwhich may shift large areas of China's forests towards human-induced P\udlimitation especially in southern China

Imbalanced phosphorus and nitrogen deposition in China's forests