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Simultaneous measurements of aerosol volatility and carbonaceous matters wereconducted at a suburban site in Guangzhou, China, in February and March 2014using a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA) and anorganic carbon/elemental carbon (OC ∕ EC) analyzer. Low volatility (LV)particles, with a volatility shrink factor (VSF) at 300 °Cexceeding 0.9, contributed 5 % of number concentrations of the 40 nmparticles and 11–15 % of the 80–300 nm particles. They were composed ofnon-volatile material externally mixed with volatile material, and thereforedid not evaporate significantly at 300 °C. Non-volatile materialmixed internally with the volatile material was referred to as mediumvolatility (MV, 0.4  <  VSF  <  0.9) and high volatility (HV, VSF  <  0.4) particles. The MV and HV particles contributed 57–71 % ofnumber concentration for the particles between 40 and 300 nm in size. Theaverage EC and OC concentrations measured by the OC ∕ EC analyzer were3.4 ± 3.0 and 9.0 ± 6.0 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively.Non-volatile OC evaporating at 475 °C or above, together with EC,contributed 67 % of the total carbon mass. In spite of the daily maximumand minimum, the diurnal variations in the volume fractions of the volatilematerial, HV, MV and LV residuals were less than 15 % for the 80–300 nmparticles. Back trajectory analysis also suggests that over 90 % of the airmasses influencing the sampling site were well aged as they were transportedat low altitudes (below 1500 m) for over 40 h before arrival. Furthercomparison with the diurnal variations in the mass fractions of EC and thenon-volatile OC in PM<sub>2.5</sub> suggests that the non-volatile residuals may berelated to both EC and non-volatile OC in the afternoon, during which theconcentration of aged organics increased. A closure analysis of the totalmass of LV and MV residuals and the mass of EC or the sum of EC andnon-volatile OC was conducted. It suggests that non-volatile OC, in additionto EC, was one of the components of the non-volatile residuals measured bythe VTDMA in this study

Measurements of non-volatile aerosols with a VTDMA and their correlations with carbonaceous aerosols in Guangzhou, China