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Observations of turbulence are analysed for the afternoon and eveningtransition (AET) during the Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and SunsetTurbulence (BLLAST) experimental field campaign that took place in Lannemezan(foothills of the Pyrenees) in summer 2011. The case of 2 July is furtherstudied because the turbulence properties of the lower atmosphere (up to300 m above ground level) were sampled with the Meteorological Mini AerialVehicle (M<sup>2</sup>AV) from turbulently mixed to stably stratified atmosphericconditions. Additionally, data from radiosoundings, 60 m tower and UHF windprofiler were taken together with the model results from a high-resolutionmesoscale simulation of this case. Weak large-scale winds and clear-skyconditions were present on the studied AET case favouring the development ofslope winds and mountain–plain circulations. It is found that during the AETthe anisotropy of the turbulent eddies increases as the vertical motions aredamped due to the stably stratified conditions. This effect is enhanced bythe formation of a low-level jet after sunset. Finally, the comparison of theanisotropy ratio computed from the different sources of observations allow usto determine the most relevant scales of the motion during the AET in such acomplex terrain region

A study of local turbulence and anisotropy during the afternoon and evening transition with an unmanned aerial system and mesoscale simulation