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We measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2)and carbon monoxide (CO) at an urban background site near the citycentre of Helsinki, Finland, northern Europe. The VOC and CO2measurements were obtained between January 2013 and September 2014 whereasfor CO a shorter measurement campaign in April–May 2014 wasconducted. Both anthropogenic and biogenic sources were identified for VOCsin the study. Strong correlations between VOC fluxes and CO fluxes andtraffic rates indicated anthropogenic source of many VOCs. The VOC with thehighest emission rate to the atmosphere was methanol, which originated mostlyfrom traffic and other anthropogenic sources. The traffic was also a majorsource for aromatic compounds in all seasons whereas isoprene was mostlyemitted from biogenic sources during summer. Some amount of traffic-relatedisoprene emissions were detected during other seasons but this might havealso been an instrumental contamination from cycloalkane products. Generally,the observed VOC fluxes were found to be small in comparison with previousurban VOC flux studies. However, the differences were probably caused bylower anthropogenic activities as the CO2 fluxes were also relativelysmall at the site

Anthropogenic and biogenic influence on VOC fluxes at an urban background site in Helsinki, Finland