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While nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs) occur frequently in many parts of the\udworld, the occurrence and other detailed characteristics of NLLJs over the\udTaklimakan Desert (TD) are not well known. This paper presents a climatology\udof NLLJs and coincident dust over the TD by analyzing multi-year ERA-Interim\udreanalysis and satellite observations. It is found that the ERA-Interim\uddataset can capture the NLLJs' features well by comparison with radiosonde\uddata from two surface sites. The NLLJs occur in more than 60 % of nights,\udwhich are primarily easterly to east-northeasterly. They typically appear at\ud100 to 400 m above the surface with a speed of 4 to 10 m s<sup>−1</sup>. Most\udNLLJs are located above the nocturnal inversion during the warm season, while\udthey are embedded in the inversion layer during the cold season. NLLJs above\udthe inversion have a strong annual cycle with a maximum frequency in August.\udWe also quantify the convective boundary layer (CBL) height and construct an\udindex to measure the magnitude of the momentum in the CBL. We find that the\udmagnitude of momentum in the lower atmosphere from the top of the surface\udlayer to the top of mixed layer is larger for NLLJ cases than for non-NLLJ\udcases, and in the warm season the downward momentum transfer process is more\udintense and rapid. The winds below the NLLJ core to the desert surface gain\udstrength in summer and autumn, and these summer and autumn winds are\udcoincident with an enhancement of aerosol optical depth. This indicates that\udthe NLLJ is an important mechanism for dust activity and transport during the\udwarm season over the Taklimakan

Taklimakan Desert nocturnal low-level jet: climatology and dust activity