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Coarse (PM10−2.5) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter in the\udatmosphere adversely affect human health and influence climate. While\udPM2.5 is relatively well studied, less is known about the sources and\udfate of PM10−2.5. The Colorado Coarse Rural-Urban Sources and Health\ud(CCRUSH) study measured PM10−2.5 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, as\udwell as the fraction of semi-volatile material (SVM) in each size regime\ud(SVM2.5, SVM10−2.5), from 2009 to early 2012 in Denver and\udcomparatively rural Greeley, Colorado. Agricultural operations east of\udGreeley appear to have contributed to the peak PM10−2.5 concentrations\udthere, but concentrations were generally lower in Greeley than in Denver.\udTraffic-influenced sites in Denver had PM10−2.5 concentrations that\udaveraged from 14.6 to 19.7 µg m−3 and mean\udPM10−2.5 ∕ PM10 ratios of 0.56 to 0.70, higher than at residential\udsites in Denver or Greeley. PM10−2.5 concentrations were more\udtemporally variable than PM2.5 concentrations. Concentrations of the\udtwo pollutants were not correlated. Spatial correlations of daily averaged\udPM10−2.5 concentrations ranged from 0.59 to 0.62 for pairs of sites in\udDenver and from 0.47 to 0.70 between Denver and Greeley. Compared to\udPM10−2.5, concentrations of PM2.5 were more correlated across\udsites within Denver and less correlated between Denver and Greeley.\udPM10−2.5 concentrations were highest during the summer and early fall,\udwhile PM2.5 and SVM2.5 concentrations peaked in winter during\udperiodic multi-day inversions. SVM10−2.5 concentrations were low at all\udsites. Diurnal peaks in PM10−2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations\udcorresponded to morning and afternoon peaks of traffic activity, and were\udenhanced by boundary layer dynamics. SVM2.5 concentrations peaked\udaround noon on both weekdays and weekends. PM10−2.5 concentrations at\udsites located near highways generally increased with wind speeds above about\ud3 m s−1. Little wind speed dependence was observed for the residential\udsites in Denver and Greeley. The mass concentration data reported here are\udbeing used in ongoing epidemiologic studies for PM in northeastern Colorado

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Comparisons of urban and rural PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10−2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; mass concentrations and semi-volatile fractions in northeastern Colorado