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Vertical profiles of the aerosol particles hygroscopic properties, theirmixing state as well as chemical composition were measured above northernItaly and the Netherlands. An aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS; for chemicalcomposition) and a white-light humidified optical particle spectrometer(WHOPS; for hygroscopic growth) were deployed on a Zeppelin NT airship withinthe PEGASOS project. This allowed one to investigate the development of thedifferent layers within the planetary boundary layer (PBL), providing aunique in situ data set for airborne aerosol particles properties in thefirst kilometre of the atmosphere. Profiles measured during the morning hourson 20 June 2012 in the Po Valley, Italy, showed an increased nitrate fractionat  ∼  100 m above ground level (a.g.l.) coupled with enhancedhygroscopic growth compared to  ∼  700 m a. g. l. This result wasderived from both measurements of the aerosol composition and directmeasurements of the hygroscopicity, yielding hygroscopicity parameters(κ) of 0.34  ±  0.12 and 0.19  ±  0.07 for 500 nmparticles, at  ∼  100 and  ∼  700 m a. g. l., respectively.The difference is attributed to the structure of the PBL at this time of daywhich featured several independent sub-layers with different types ofaerosols. Later in the day the vertical structures disappeared due to themixing of the layers and similar aerosol particle properties were found atall probed altitudes (mean κ ≈ 0.18  ±  0.07). The aerosolproperties observed at the lowest flight level (100 m a. g. l.) wereconsistent with parallel measurements at a ground site, both in the morningand afternoon. Overall, the aerosol particles were found to be externallymixed, with a prevailing hygroscopic fraction. The flights near Cabauw in theNetherlands in the fully mixed PBL did not feature altitude-dependentcharacteristics. Particles were also externally mixed and had an even largerhygroscopic fraction compared to the results in Italy. The mean κ fromdirect measurements was 0.28 ±  0.10, thus considerably higher thanκ values measured in Italy in the fully mixed PBL

Vertical profiling of aerosol hygroscopic properties in the planetary boundary layer during the PEGASOS campaigns