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Vertical profiles of dicarboxylic acids, related organic compounds and secondary organic aerosol(SOA)tracer compounds in particle phase have not yet been simultaneously exploredin East Asia, although there is growing evidence that aqueous-phaseoxidation of volatile organic compounds may be responsible for the elevatedorganic aerosols (OA) in the troposphere. Here, we found consistently goodcorrelation of oxalic acid, the most abundant individual organic compoundsin aerosols globally, with its precursors as well as biogenic-derivedSOA compounds in Chinese tropospheric aerosols by aircraftmeasurements. Anthropogenically derived dicarboxylic acids (i.e., C<sub>5</sub>and C<sub>6</sub> diacids) at high altitudes were 4–20 times higher than thosefrom surface measurements and even occasionally dominant over oxalic acid ataltitudes higher than 2 km, which is in contrast to the predominance ofoxalic acid previously reported globally including the tropospheric andsurface aerosols. This indicates an enhancement of tropospheric SOAformation from anthropogenic precursors. Furthermore, oxalic acid-to-sulfateratio maximized at altitudes of  ∼  2 km, explainingaqueous-phase SOA production that was supported by good correlationswith predicted liquid water content, organic carbon and biogenicSOA tracers. These results demonstrate that elevated oxalic acid and relatedSOA compounds from both the anthropogenic and biogenic sources maysubstantially contribute to tropospheric OA burden over polluted regions ofChina, implying aerosol-associated climate effects and intercontinentaltransport

Aircraft observations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids in the aerosols over China