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A global Earth system model is applied to quantify the impacts of directanthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing on gross primaryproductivity (GPP) and isoprene emission. The impacts of different pollutionaerosol sources (anthropogenic, biomass burning, and non-biomass burning) areinvestigated by performing sensitivity experiments. The model frameworkincludes all known light and meteorological responses of photosynthesis, butuses fixed canopy structures and phenology. On a global scale, our resultsshow that global land carbon fluxes (GPP and isoprene emission) are notsensitive to pollution aerosols, even under a global decline in surface solarradiation (direct + diffuse) by  ∼ 9 %. At a regional scale,GPP and isoprene emission show a robust but opposite sensitivity to pollutionaerosols in regions where forested canopies dominate. In eastern NorthAmerica and Eurasia, anthropogenic pollution aerosols (mainly fromnon-biomass burning sources) enhance GPP by +5–8 % on an annualaverage. In the northwestern Amazon Basin and central Africa, biomass burningaerosols increase GPP by +2–5 % on an annual average, with a peakin the northwestern Amazon Basin during the dry-fire season(+5–8 %). The prevailing mechanism varies across regions: lightscattering dominates in eastern North America, while a reduction in directradiation dominates in Europe and China. Aerosol-induced GPP productivityincreases in the Amazon and central Africa include an additional positivefeedback from reduced canopy temperatures in response to increases in canopyconductance. In Eurasia and northeastern China, anthropogenic pollutionaerosols drive a decrease in isoprene emission of −2 to −12 % onan annual average. Future research needs to incorporate the indirect effectsof aerosols and possible feedbacks from dynamic carbon allocation andphenology

Potential sensitivity of photosynthesis and isoprene emission to direct radiative effects of atmospheric aerosol pollution