English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modernobservations to study the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica andGreenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the ocean column, inducing amplifyingfeedbacks that increase subsurface ocean warming and ice shelf melting. Coldmeltwater and induced dynamical effects cause ocean surface cooling in theSouthern Ocean and North Atlantic, thus increasing Earth's energy imbalance andheat flux into most of the global ocean's surface. Southern Ocean surfacecooling, while lower latitudes are warming, increases precipitation on theSouthern Ocean, increasing ocean stratification, slowing deepwater formation,and increasing ice sheet mass loss. These feedbacks make ice sheets in contactwith the ocean vulnerable to accelerating disintegration. We hypothesize thatice mass loss from the most vulnerable ice, sufficient to raise sea levelseveral meters, is better approximated as exponential than by a more linearresponse. Doubling times of 10, 20 or 40 years yield multi-meter sea level risein about 50, 100 or 200 years. Recent ice melt doubling times are near thelower end of the 10-40 year range, but the record is too short to confirm thenature of the response. The feedbacks, including subsurface ocean warming, helpexplain paleoclimate data and point to a dominant Southern Ocean role incontrolling atmospheric CO2, which in turn exercised tight control on globaltemperature and sea level. The millennial (500-2000 year) time scale of deepocean ventilation affects the time scale for natural CO2 change and thus thetime scale for paleo global climate, ice sheet, and sea level changes, but thispaleo millennial time scale should not be misinterpreted as the time scale forice sheet response to a rapid large human-made climate forcing.

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate  Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations that 2{\deg}C Global Warming  is Dangerous