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Global dimming refers to the decrease in surface solar radiation (SSR)observed from the 1960s to the 1980s at different measurement sitesall around the world. It is under debate whether anthropogenicaerosols emitted from urban areas close to the measurement sites aremainly responsible for the dimming. In order to assess thisurbanization impact on SSR, we use spatially explicit populationdensity data of 0.08° resolution to construct populationindices (PI) at 157 high data quality sites. Our study extendsprevious population-based studies by incorporating distance-weightingas a simple aerosol diffusion model. We measured urbanization in thesurrounding of a site as the PI change from 1960 to 1990 and found nonegative correlation with the corresponding SSR trends from 1964 to1989 for the 92 sites in Europe and Japan. For the 39 sites in Chinathe correlation coefficients are significant at the 5 % level andreach around −0.35, while for the 26 remaining Asian, mostly Russiansites the correlation coefficients reach around −0.55 at the 1 %significance level. Results are similar, when the absolute levels ofPIs are taken as an indicator for urbanization.  Our findings callinto question the existence of an urbanization effect for the sites inEurope and Japan, while such an effect cannot be ruled out for thesites in Asia, especially in Russia

Global dimming and urbanization: did stronger negative SSR trends collocate with regions of population growth?