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Thunderstorm anvils were studied during the Deep Convective Clouds and\udChemistry experiment (DC3), using in situ measurements and observations of\udice particles and NOx together with radar and Lightning Mapping Array\udmeasurements. A characteristic ice particle and NOx signature was found\udin the anvils from three storms, each containing high lightning flash rates\udin the storm core prior to anvil sampling. This signature exhibits high\udconcentrations of frozen droplets (as measured by a Cloud Droplet Probe)\udcoincident with lower NOx on the edges of the anvil. The central\udportion of these anvils exhibited a high degree of aggregation of these\udfrozen droplets and higher levels of NOx. In contrast, a deep\udconvective cell with low lightning flash rates had high concentrations of\udboth frozen droplets and aggregated frozen droplets in its anvil's central\udregion. A conceptual model for these results is presented and applied to the\udobservations from each of these storms. High NOx concentrations are\udoften found where aggregation of frozen droplets has occurred, which may be\uda reflection of aggregation by electrical forces in the regions where\udlightning is occurring, although the level of NOx for a given concentration\udof aggregates varies from storm to storm. These observations between anvil\udmicrophysics and lightning and/or NOx signatures suggest that lightning data\udmay be an important tool to characterize or infer the microphysical,\udradiative, and chemical properties of thunderstorm anvils

Anvil microphysical signatures associated with lightning-produced NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;

Anvil microphysical signatures associated with lightning-produced NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>