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During the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Economic Leaders' 2014\udSummit in Beijing, strict regional air emission controls were implemented,\udproviding a unique opportunity to investigate the transport and formation\udmechanism of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study explores the\uduse of vertical observation methods to investigate the influence of regional\udtransport on PM2.5 pollution in Beijing before and during the APEC\udSummit. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficient, wind, temperature and\udrelative humidity were monitored at a rural site on the border of Beijing\udand Hebei Province. Three PM2.5 pollution episodes were analyzed. In\udepisode 1 (27 October to 1 November), regional transport\udaccompanied by the accumulation of pollutants under unfavorable\udmeteorological conditions led to the pollution. In episode 2 (2–5 November), pollutants left from episode 1 were retained in the\udboundary layer of the region for 2 days and then settled down to the\udsurface, leading to an explosive increase of PM2.5. The regional\udtransport of aged aerosols played a crucial role in the heavy PM2.5\udpollution. In episode 3 (6–11 November), emissions from\udlarge point sources had been controlled for several days while primary\udemissions from diesel vehicles might have led to the pollution. It is found that\udground-level observation of meteorological conditions and air quality could not\udfully explain the pollution process, while vertical parameters (aerosol\udoptical properties, winds, relative humidity and temperature) improved the\udunderstanding of regional transport influence on heavy pollution processes.\udFuture studies may consider including vertical observations to aid\udinvestigation of pollutant transport, especially during episodic events of\udrapidly increasing concentrations

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Investigating the impact of regional transport on PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; formation using vertical observation during APEC 2014 Summit in Beijing