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Deliberate injection of aerosol particles into the stratosphere is a\udpotential climate engineering scheme. Particles injected into the\udstratosphere would scatter solar radiation back to space, thereby reducing\udthe temperature at the Earth's surface and hence the impacts of global\udwarming. Minerals such as TiO2 or SiO2 are among the potentially\udsuitable aerosol materials for stratospheric particle injection due to their\udgreater light-scattering ability than stratospheric sulfuric acid particles.\udHowever, the heterogeneous reactivity of mineral particles towards trace\udgases important for stratospheric chemistry largely remains unknown,\udprecluding reliable assessment of their impacts on stratospheric ozone, which\udis of key environmental significance. In this work we have investigated for\udthe first time the heterogeneous hydrolysis of ClONO2 on TiO2 and\udSiO2 aerosol particles at room temperature and at different relative\udhumidities (RHs), using an aerosol flow tube. The uptake coefficient,\udγ(ClONO2), on TiO2 was ∼ 1.2 × 10−3 at\ud7 % RH and remained unchanged at 33 % RH, and increased for\udSiO2 from ∼ 2 × 10−4 at 7 % RH to\ud ∼ 5 × 10−4 at 35 % RH, reaching a value of\ud ∼ 6 × 10−4 at 59 % RH. We have also examined the\udimpacts of a hypothetical TiO2 injection on stratospheric chemistry\udusing the UKCA (United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol) chemistry–climate model, in\udwhich heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 and ClONO2 on TiO2\udparticles is considered. A TiO2 injection scenario with a\udsolar-radiation scattering effect very similar to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo\udwas constructed. It is found that, compared to the eruption of Mt Pinatubo,\udTiO2 injection causes less ClOx activation and less ozone destruction\udin the lowermost stratosphere, while reduced depletion of N2O5 and\udNOx in the middle stratosphere results in decreased ozone levels. Overall,\udno significant difference in the vertically integrated ozone abundances is\udfound between TiO2 injection and the eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Future\udwork required to further assess the impacts of TiO2 injection on\udstratospheric chemistry is also discussed

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Heterogeneous reaction of ClONO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; with TiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and SiO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; aerosol particles: implications for stratospheric particle injection for climate engineering