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The current knowledge concerning mercury dry deposition is reviewed,including dry-deposition algorithms used in chemical transport models (CTMs)and at monitoring sites and related deposition calculations, measurementmethods and studies for quantifying dry deposition of gaseous oxidizedmercury (GOM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM), and measurement studies oflitterfall and throughfall mercury. Measured median GOM plus PBM drydeposition in Asia (10.7 µg m−2 yr−1) is almost double that inNorth America (6.1 µg m−2 yr−1) due to the higheranthropogenic emissions in Asia. The measured mean GOM plus PBM drydeposition in Asia (22.7 µg m−2 yr−1), however, is less thanthat in North America (30.8 µg m−2 yr−1). The variationsbetween the median and mean values reflect the influences that single extrememeasurements can have on the mean of a data set. Measured median litterfalland throughfall mercury are,respectively, 34.8 and 49.0 µg m−2 yr−1 in Asia, 12.8 and 16.3 µg m−2 yr−1 in Europe,and 11.9 and 7.0 µg m−2 yr−1 in North America. Thecorresponding measured mean litterfall and throughfall mercury are,respectively, 42.8 and43.5 µg m−2 yr−1 in Asia, 14.2 and 19.0 µg m−2 yr−1in Europe, and 12.9 and 9.3 µg m−2 yr−1 inNorth America. The much higher litterfall mercury than GOM plus PBM drydeposition suggests the important contribution of gaseous elemental mercy (GEM)to mercury dry deposition to vegetated canopies. Over all the regions,including the Amazon, dry deposition, estimated as the sum of litterfall andthroughfall minus open-field wet deposition, is more dominant than wetdeposition for Hg deposition. Regardless of the measurement or modellingmethod used, a factor of 2 or larger uncertainties in GOM plus PBM drydeposition need to be kept in mind when using these numbers for mercuryimpact studies

Overview of mercury dry deposition, litterfall, and throughfall studies