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Dust aerosols are very efficient ice nuclei, important for heterogeneous\udcloud glaciation even in regions distant from desert sources. A new\udgeneration of ice nucleation parameterizations, including dust as an ice\udnucleation agent, opens the way towards a more accurate treatment of cold\udcloud formation in atmospheric models. Using such parameterizations, we have\uddeveloped a regional dust-atmospheric modelling system capable of predicting,\udin real time, dust-induced ice nucleation. We executed the model with the\udadded ice nucleation component over the Mediterranean region, exposed to\udmoderate Saharan dust transport, over two periods lasting 15 and 9 days,\udrespectively. The model results were compared against satellite and\udground-based cloud-ice-related measurements, provided by SEVIRI (Spinning\udEnhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) and the CNR-IMAA Atmospheric\udObservatory (CIAO) in Potenza, southern Italy. The predicted ice nuclei\udconcentration showed a reasonable level of agreement when compared against\udthe observed spatial and temporal patterns of cloud ice water. The developed\udmethodology permits the use of ice nuclei as input into the cloud\udmicrophysics schemes of atmospheric models, assuming that this approach\udcould improve the predictions of cloud formation and associated\udprecipitation

Cloud ice caused by atmospheric mineral dust – Part 1: Parameterization of ice nuclei concentration in the NMME-DREAM model