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Black carbon (BC) is a dominant absorber in the visible spectrum and a potent\udfactor in climatic effects. Vertical profiles of BC were measured using a\udmicro-aethalometer attached to a tethered balloon during the Vertical\udObservations of trace Gases and Aerosols (VOGA) field campaign, in summer\ud2014 at a semirural site in the North China Plain (NCP). The diurnal cycle of\udBC vertical distributions following the evolution of the mixing\udlayer (ML) was investigated for the\udfirst time in the NCP region. Statistical parameters including identified\udmixing height (Hm) and average BC mass concentrations within the\udML (Cm) and in the free troposphere (Cf) were obtained for a selected dataset of\ud67 vertical profiles. Hm was usually lower than 0.2 km in the\udearly morning and rapidly rose thereafter due to strengthened turbulence. The\udmaximum height of the ML was reached in the late afternoon.\udThe top of a full developed ML exceeded 1 km on sunny days in summer, while\udit stayed much lower on cloudy  days. The sunset triggered the collapse of\udthe ML, and a stable nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) gradually formed.\udAccordingly, the highest level Cm was found in the early morning\udand the lowest was found in the afternoon. In the daytime, BC was almost\uduniformly distributed within the ML and significantly decreased above the ML. During the field\udcampaign, Cm averaged about\ud5.16 ± 2.49 µg m−3, with a range of 1.12 to\ud14.49 µg m−3, comparable with observational results in many\udpolluted urban areas such as Milan in Italy and Shanghai in China. As evening\udapproached, BC gradually built up near the surface and exponentially declined\udwith height. In contrast to the large variability found both in Hm\udand Cm, Cf stayed relatively unaffected through the day.\udCf was less than 10 % of the ground level under clean\udconditions, while it amounted to half of the ground level in some polluted\udcases. In situ measurements of BC vertical profiles would hopefully have an\udimportant implication for accurately estimating direct radiative forcing by\udBC and improving the retrieval of aerosol optical properties by remote\udsensing in this region

Vertical profiles of black carbon measured by a micro-aethalometer in summer in the North China Plain