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The seasonalcycle and optical properties of mineral dust aerosols in northern Africa weresimulated for the period from 2006 to 2010 using the numerical atmosphericmodel ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique DéveloppementInterNational) coupled to the surface scheme SURFEX (SURFaceEXternalisée). The particularity of the simulations is that the majorphysical processes responsible for dust emission and transport, as well asradiative effects, are taken into account on short timescales and atmesoscale resolution. The aim of these simulations is to quantify the dustemission and deposition, locate the major areas of dust emission andestablish a climatology of aerosol optical properties in northern Africa. Themean monthly aerosol optical thickness (AOT) simulated by ALADIN is comparedwith the AOTs derived from the standard Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB)algorithms of the Aqua-MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)products over northern Africa and with a set of sun photometer measurementslocated at Banizoumbou, Cinzana, Soroa, Mbour and Cape Verde. The verticaldistribution of dust aerosol represented by extinction profiles is alsoanalysed using CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization)observations.  The annual dust emission simulated by ALADIN over northern Africa is878 Tg year<sup>−1</sup>. The Bodélé Depression appears to be the mainarea of dust emission in northern Africa, with an average estimate of about21.6 Tg year<sup>−1</sup>.  The simulated AOTs are in good agreement with satellite and sun photometerobservations. The positions of the maxima of the modelled AOTs over northernAfrica match the observed positions, and the ALADIN simulationssatisfactorily reproduce the various dust events over the 2006–2010 period.  The AOT climatology proposed in this paper provides a solid database ofoptical properties and consolidates the existing climatology over thisregion derived from satellites, the AERONET network and regional climatemodels. Moreover, the 3-D distribution of the simulated AOTsalso provides information about the vertical structure of the dust aerosolextinction

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Three-dimensional dust aerosol distribution and extinction climatology over northern Africa simulated with the ALADIN numerical prediction model from 2006 to 2010