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Thermal structure associated with deep convective clouds is investigatedusing Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation measurements. GPSdata are insensitive to the presence of clouds, and provide high verticalresolution and high accuracy measurements to identify associated temperaturebehavior. Deep convective systems are identified using InternationalSatellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) satellite data, and cloud topsare accurately measured using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with OrthogonalPolarization (CALIPSO) lidar observations; we focus on 53 cases ofnear-coincident GPS occultations with CALIPSO profiles over deep convection.Results show a sharp spike in GPS bending angle highly correlated to the topof the clouds, corresponding to anomalously cold temperatures within theclouds. Above the clouds the temperatures return to background conditions,and there is a strong inversion at cloud top. For cloud tops below 14 km,the temperature lapse rate within the cloud often approaches a moist adiabat,consistent with rapid undiluted ascent within the convective systems

Thermal structure of intense convective clouds derived from GPS radio occultations