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This study examines the long-term variability of UV solar irradiances at305 nm and 325 nm over selected sites in Canada, Europe and Japan. Siteselection was restricted to the availability of the most complete UVspectroradiometric datasets during the period 1990–2011. The analysisincludes the long-term variability of total ozone, aerosol optical depth andcloud fraction at the sites studied. The results, based on observations andmodeling, suggest that over Canada, Europe and Japan the period under studycan be divided into three sub-periods of scientific merit: the first period(1991–1994) is the period perturbed by the Pinatubo volcanic eruption,during which excess volcanic aerosol has enhanced the "conventional"amplification factor of UV-B at ground level by an additional factor thatdepends on solar elevation. The increase of the UV-B amplification factor isthe result of enhanced scattering processes caused by the injection of hugeamounts of volcanic aerosols during the perturbed period. The second period(1995–2006) is characterized by a 0.14% yr−1 increase in totalozone and an increasing trend in spectral irradiance by 0.94% yr−1at 305 nm and 0.88% yr−1 at 325 nm. That paradox was caused by thesignificant decline of the aerosol optical depth by more than 1% yr−1 (the "brightening" effect) and the absence of any statisticallysignificant trend in the cloud fraction. The third period (2007–2011) showsstatistically significant evidence of a slowdown or even a turning point inthe previously reported upward UV-B trends over Canada, Europe and Japan

Evidence of a possible turning point in solar UV-B over Canada, Europe and Japan