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We validate satellite methane observations from the Tropospheric EmissionSpectrometer (TES) with 151 aircraft vertical profiles over the Pacific fromthe HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observation (HIPPO) program. We find that acollocation window of ±750 km and ±24 h does not introducesignificant error in comparing TES and aircraft profiles. We validate boththe TES standard product (V004) and an experimental product with two piecesof information in the vertical (V005). We determine a V004 mean bias of65.8 ppb and random instrument error of 43.3 ppb. For V005 we determine a meanbias of 42.3 ppb and random instrument error of 26.5 ppb in the uppertroposphere, and mean biases (random instrument errors) in the lowertroposphere of 28.8 (28.7) and 16.9 (28.9) ppb at high and low latitudesrespectively. Even when V005 cannot retrieve two pieces of information itstill performs better than V004. An observation system simulation experiment(OSSE) with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) and its adjointshows that TES V004 has only limited value for constraining methane sources.Our successful validation of V005 encourages its production as a standardretrieval to replace V004

Validation of TES methane with HIPPO aircraft observations: implications for inverse modeling of methane sources