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Atmospheric composition affects the radiative balance of the Earththrough the creation of greenhouse gases and the formation ofaerosols. The latter interact with incoming solar radiation, bothdirectly and indirectly through their effects on cloud formation andlifetime. The tropics have a major influence on incoming sunlighthowever the tropical atmosphere is poorly characterised, especiallyoutside Amazonia. The origins of air masses influencing a measurementsite in a protected rainforest in Borneo, South East Asia, wereassessed and the likely sources of a range of trace gases andparticles were determined. This was conducted by interpreting in situmeasurements made at the site in the context of ECMWF backwards airmass trajectories. Two different but complementary methods wereemployed to interpret the data: comparison of periods classified bycluster analysis of trajectories, and inspection of the dependence ofmean measured values on geographical history of trajectories. Sourcesof aerosol particles, carbon monoxide and halocarbons wereassessed. The likely source influences include: terrestrial organicbiogenic emissions; long range transport of anthropogenic emissions;biomass burning; sulphurous emissions from marine phytoplankton, witha possible contribution from volcanoes; marine production of inorganicmineral aerosol; and marine production of halocarbons. Aerosol sub-and super-saturated water affinity was found to be dependent on source(and therefore composition), with more hygroscopic aerosol and highernumbers of cloud condensation nuclei measured in air masses of marineorigin. The prevailing sector during the majority of measurements wassouth-easterly, which is from the direction of the coast closest tothe site, with a significant influence inland from thesouth-west. This analysis shows that marine and terrestrial air masseshave different dominant chemical sources. Comparison with the AMAZE-08project in the Amazon basin shows Bornean composition to arise froma different, more complex mixture of sources. In particular sulphateloadings are much greater than in Amazonia which is likely to mainlybe the result of the marine influence on the site. This suggests thatthe significant region of the tropics made up of island networks isnot well represented by extrapolation from measurements made in theAmazon. In addition, it is likely that there were no periods where thesite was influenced only by the rainforest, with even the mostpristine inland periods showing some evidence of non-rainforestaerosol. This is in contrast to Amazonia which experienced periodsdominated by rainforest emissions

Source attribution of Bornean air masses by back trajectory analysis during the OP3 project