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In this study, the    κ   -casein ( CSN3 ) and lactoferrin ( LTF ) genes which were found in association with milk production traits in different animal species were studied firstly in Turkish donkey populations. A total of 108 donkeys from different regions of Turkey were used in order to reveal the different genotypes of  CSN3  and  LTF  genes by using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods. To determine the genetic polymorphism, we attempted to digest a fragment of 235 bp of the  CSN3  gene and a fragment of 751 bp of the  LTF  gene using  Pst I, and  Dra II,  Eag I and  Mbo I restriction enzymes, respectively. Neither the  CSN3  gene nor the  LTF  gene had enzyme recognition sites with the  Pst I,  Dra II and  Mbo I restriction enzymes in all of the studied samples. However, the  LTF  gene was only distinguished with the  Eag I restriction enzyme. Three genotypes were identified in the  LTF  gene with the  Eag I restriction enzyme: GG homozygotes (667, 84 bp), AG heterozygotes (751; 667, 84 bp) and AA homozygotes (751 bp). The transition from guanine to adenine in 89 bp of the  LTF  gene lacks the restriction site and different genotypes are obtained. This novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been firstly detected in donkeys. According to the results, the G allele was predominant in the  LTF-Eag I gene in the studied Turkish donkey populations. In this study, all the genotype distributions of  LTF-Eag I were not found in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (    P  <  0.05    ). The  CSN3  and  LTF  genes have not been studied before in donkeys, so the results are the preliminary results of these gene regions in donkeys.

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Genetic diversity of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;κ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-casein (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;CSN3&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) and lactoferrin (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;LTF&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) genes in the endangered Turkish donkey (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Equus asinus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) populations