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The diversity of cattle in Niger is predominantly represented\udby three indigenous breeds: Zebu Arabe, Zebu Bororo and Kuri. This study\udaimed at characterizing the genetic diversity and relationship of Niger\udcattle breeds using short tandem repeat (STR) marker variations. A total of\ud105 cattle from all three breeds were genotyped at 27 STR loci. High\udlevels of allelic and gene diversity were observed with an overall mean of 8.7\udand 0.724 respectively. The mean inbreeding estimate within breeds was found\udto be moderate with 0.024, 0.043 and 0.044 in Zebu Arabe, Zebu Bororo and\udKuri cattle respectively. The global <i>F</i> statistics showed low genetic\uddifferentiation among Niger cattle with about 2.6 % of total variation\udbeing attributed to between-breed differences. Neighbor-joining tree derived\udfrom pairwise allele sharing distance revealed Zebu Arabe and Kuri\udclustering together while Zebu Bororo appeared to be relatively distinct from\udthe other two breeds. High levels of admixture were evident from the\uddistribution of pairwise inter-individual allele sharing distances that\udshowed individuals across populations being more related than individuals\udwithin populations. Individuals were assigned to their respective source\udpopulations based on STR genotypes, and the percent correct assignment of Zebu\udBororo (87.5 to 93.8 %) was consistently higher than Zebu Arabe (59.3 to\ud70.4 %) and Kuri (80.0 to 83.3 %) cattle. The qualitative and\udquantitative tests for mutation drift equilibrium revealed absence of genetic\udbottleneck events in Niger cattle in the recent past. High genetic diversity\udand poor genetic structure among indigenous cattle breeds of Niger might be\uddue to historic zebu–taurine admixture and ongoing breeding practices in the\udregion. The results of the present study are expected to help in formulating\udeffective strategies for conservation and genetic improvement of indigenous\udNiger cattle breeds

Short tandem repeat (STR) based genetic diversity and relationship of indigenous Niger cattle