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Reared in extensive parcels, 50 castrated or spayed Iberian pigs werefattened with conventional or high-oleic-concentrate diets toevaluate the effect of diet and sex on the measurements of the loinarea depth, back fat thickness and its layers during the last 6 monthsbefore slaughter at eight time points in two anatomical locationsby serial scans. The scan was the factor that had the greatestinfluence, followed by sex and diet. Back fat thickness at10th rib level was higher than at 14th riblevel. The thickness of the outer, middle and inner layersprogressively increased over the study period. Throughout theexperimental period, the differences between two successive scans ofthe M. longissimus area did not differ significantly, obtaining thelowest value at the third scan and the highest at the fifth scan. The ultrasoundback fat depth was affected by sex, being greater in females andin animals with a high-oleic diet. Positive significant correlations were observedfor measurements assessed. The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values for the regressionequations to estimate M. longissimus area were lower than the valuesfound for the prediction of fat measurements, and they differed betweensex and diet. The relative back fat growth was higher thanM. longissimus area, not permitting the establishment of a similar growthpattern for fat and muscle. The sex and diet was takeninto account in the predictive models. The subcutaneous adiposelayers in Iberian pigs grow at different rates during the last 6 months before slaughter; with the ultrasound serial scan, it ispossible to show these changes. The change in dietand the sex affect the adipose tissue development, being morenoticeable in the middle layer of back fat at 10th rib leveland the inner layer at 14th rib level. However, the sex and the use ofan enriched oleic acid diet do not affect to loin development. Asthe middle layer of back fat shows more growth, this layercould be the best to be included in predictive models. The middlelayer of back fat could also be good to be included in predictivemodels.  Back fat thickness at the eighth scan can bepredicted with moderate accuracy from corresponding measurementstaken 30 days earlier and with less accuracy as the interval betweenmeasurements increases

Effects of gender and diet on back fat and loin area ultrasound measurements during the growth and final stage of fattening in Iberian pigs