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The purpose of the article is to illustrate the use of pedigree analysis toevaluate mtDNA diversity in a selected population of pedigree dogs, todescribe the paths of mtDNA inheritance and to estimate the spread ofpotential pedigree errors or mutations that occurred in differentgenerations of ancestors. Hovawart, old German breed, was used as anexample. The number and frequencies of mtDNA haplotypes were calculatedbased on numbers of dam lines and their representatives. The scale ofpotential errors in calculations that can result from pedigree errors orfrom new mutations in ancestors from the 5th or 10th ancestral generationwas evaluated. The analysis included 368 breeding bitches from four Germankennel organizations. The bitches represented three dam lines, with the Ho1,Ho2 and HoU mtDNA haplotypes. Significant differences in the frequency ofthe haplotypes in the population, from 0.27 to 73.37 %, and amongkennel organizations and regions of the country were recorded. Considerabledifferences in the scale of potential errors in calculations arising frommtDNA mutations or pedigree errors were noted between 0.27 and28.69 %, depending on the number of representatives of the subline inwhich the error appeared and the generation taken into account in thesimulations. The study revealed an interesting paradox: although thedifferences between the haplotypes are the result of events (mutations) fromthousands of years ago, the number and the frequencies of the haplotypes inthe population are the result of the modern history of the population andcurrent breeding policy

A pedigree-based analysis of mitochondrial DNA diversity in a dog population on the example of German Hovawarts