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In the present study, the Holstein Friesians were imported from Germany to the sub-tropicalenvironment in Jordan as pregnant (between 5 and 7 months) heifers. The study includedsome performance traits as affected by season of the year, parity and classes of each of milkyield, lactation period and days open. The results indicated that the animals were exposed to severe heat stress duringsummer and to mild climate (without heat stress) during autumn and winter. Days open,lactation period and calving interval values were higher (P<0.05) in summer than in autumnThe estimated average deviations percentage occurred as a result to the inadequateconditions was 37.8 for imported young cows, when considering that the optimum comfortenvironmental temperature for Holstein cattle as 10 °C. Effects of parity were significant (P<0.001 or 0.01) on days open, number of inseminationsper conception, milk yield and calving interval. The estimated values were higher (P<0.05)in the second parity than in the other parities. Average deviations in the traits in differentparities, relatively to the values of the same traits in the first parity, was estimated as 10.33 %.When studying the effects of some trait classes, it was found that days open and numberof services per conception increased (P<0.001) with the increase in classes of milk yield, dryperiod and calving interval also increased (P<0.001) with the increase in classes of lactationperiod, and lactation increased (P<0.001) with the increase in classes of days open. The results may indicate that deterioration of the newly imported Holstein cow traitsunder the sub-tropical environment, a state of reversal to origin

archives animal breeding/archiv für tierzucht

Environment discomfort and ability to sustain the performance level during life time under the sub-tropical conditions in imported Holstein Friesian young cows