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Objective of this paper was evaluating the effect of high temperatures on production ofmilk of dairy cows in southern Moravia (Czech Republic, East Central Europe). We testedhypotheses that the milk efficiency of dairy cows kept in free-stall open barn withoutsupplemental cooling is influenced of a month of summer period, lactation stage (LS) andlactation number (LN) of dairy cows. 193 Holstein cows were used. Three stages werestated according to the days in milk at the July 1: Stage 1-peak (0-50 d); Stage 2-midlactation (51-120 d); Stage 3-late lactation (121-200 d). We found 63 summer (SumD) and14 tropical days (TropD), 86 days with the temperature-humidity index (THI) above 72.0,and 26 days with the THI above 78.0, from May to September. The average monthly milkyields were statistically differed (P<0.001) among LS, also among LN. We foundsignificant interactions between LS and LN (May, P<0.05; June, P<0.01; July, P<0.001;August and September, P<0.01). The average monthly milk yields of Stage 1 weregradually increased from May to July (from 33.94 ± 8.99 kg on 36.62 ± 6.62 kg), thendecreased to September (30.05 ± 5.69 kg). Depression of milk was significant between Julyand August (36.62 ± 6.62 kg vs. 32.26 ± 5.88 kg; P<0.01). Milk yield in the Stage 2 was thehighest in May (41.55 ± 7.93 kg) and then gradually decreased until October (27.69 ± 5.12kg). Comparisons of months, LS and LN for whole observed period from May to Octoberdiffered very highly significantly, there were recorded interactions month:LS (P<0.001),month : LN (P<0.01), and LS : LN (P<0.001). Dairy cows of Stage 1 were affected by the hightemperatures in milk production for 305 days lactation significantly more than cows fromStage 2 (8 954.4 ± 1 526.9 kg vs. 9 614.1 ± 1 488.6 kg; P<0.05)

Effects of the stage and number of lactation on milk yield of dairy cows kept in open barn during high temperatures in summer months