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An extensive number of metabolic experiments have been carried out at the formerOskar-Kellner-Institute, now the ›Oskar Kellner‹ Research Unit of Nutritional Physiology atthe Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), Dummerstorf, on cattle, pigsand humans. Their expired amounts of CO2 having been compiled and stratified withregard to various performance and nutrition levels. The annual CO2 emission of a 700 kgcow with an annual milk yield of 10 000 kg has been estimated to be 4.7 t. With increasingfood intake and performance, a concomitant increase of CO2 production per time unit hasbeen observed. However, with increasing performance, we have determined a strongdecrease of CO2 output per mass unit of animal-derived food (i.e. meat and milk). Thisdecrease amounts to 40 % when comparing cows with 4 000 kg and 8 000 kg annual milkyields. The CO2 emission per kg dry matter (DM) intake amounts to 0.55 kg and isrelatively constant, irrespective of live weight and performance. According to this, theworld cattle livestock of 1.3 thousand million (UK)/billion (US) individuals produce 6 % ofthe total yearly CO2 emission of 30 thousand million (UK)/ billion (US) t. Similarly, in pigs,increasing daily weight gains of an additional 200 g result in a reduction of 10–15 % ofCO2 emissions. Sows produce 1.5–1.7 kg CO2 daily; fattening pigs and humans eachproduce 1 kg CO2

Relationship between carbon dioxide production and performance in cattle and pigs