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Heavy metals are partitioned into two different groups of essential (non-toxic) and nonessential (toxic) elements. The non-toxic heavy metals are of essential health and nutritional benefits to animals and humans. The clinical consequences of non-essential heavy metals if ingested even in low doses are grave. This study was the concluding part of our previous works on the detection of drug residues and bacterial contaminations of locally processed yoghurt sold for human consumption in Jigawa State of Northern Nigeria. In this present study, we attempted to evaluate the presence of Lead (Pb) and Cobalt (Co) heavy metal residues in samples of locally processed yoghurt hawked for human consumption in selected parts of Jigawa State, Nigeria. About 10 mL each of four samples of locally processed yoghurt samples were randomly collected from each of five collection centers/points in the morning from large containers into sterilized collection tubes and cooled and transported in iced pack box for laboratory analyses. The evaluation of heavy metal residues was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based assay. We presented from our results that sample of locally processed yoghurt collected from Kiri had the highest Cobalt (Co) residue (75.18 mg/kg) followed by Majiyawa (65.84 mg/kg) both of which were from Ringim dairy collection center while Dakayyawa, Andaza and Balbadu dairy collection centers had Co residue-free yoghurt. Majority of the locally processed yoghurt samples collected from the study area had elevated Pb contamination levels which were far higher than those collected from Rumbawa (0.00 mg/kg), Dakayyawa (0.00 mg/kg), Kyambo (0.02 mg/kg), Dangyati (0.02 mg/kg) and Andaza (0.02 mg/kg) dairy collection centers/points. Our results suggested that Pb contamination levels detected in the study area is clinically unsafe and unhygienic for human consumption and it is of grave consequences to public health. Therefore, urgent action is needed to be taken by appropriate agency of government to address this health threat to the consumers' safety of dairy products in the study area.

Evaluation of lead and cobalt residues in locally processed yoghurt from native dairy cattle raised under traditional system of management