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Purpose: To evaluate elements involved in nosocomial bacterial infections in Lubumbashi hospitals and determine the specific antimicrobial resistance types circulating in the region. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed in four different hospitals in Lubumbashi from March 2017 to October 2019. Hospital surfaces, medical equipment, and hospitalized patients’ stools were screened. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were identified and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests and screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase activity. Results: Most hospital surfaces and medical devices were contaminated (90.4 %), with a predominance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa species. These bacteria exhibited various resistance rates, with high rates (≥ 50 %) registered towards penicillin, gentamicin, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, and ciprofloxacin. About 37.5 % of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and 53 % of Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed extended-spectrum betalactamase activity. Escherichia coli isolates exhibited resistance to several antibiotics with the highest rate of resistance (91.5 %) against Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and β-lactamase activity registered in 44.3 %. Conclusions: While asserting intestinal Escherichia coli as a reliable marker for the study of bacterial resistance. This study also found that surfaces and medical devices in Lubumbashi International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 5, No. 01; 2021

Types and Transmission Routes of Nosocomial Antibacterial Resistance