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The Cova des Pas de Vallgornera is the longest cave of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean) and one of the 30 longest caves in the world. The exploration of one of the galleries allowed the discovery of a fossiliferous deposit of vertebrate remains in a remarkable preservation state. The fossil faunal complex found in this gallery is composed of up to 5 mammalian species (Myotragus aff. kopperi, Hypnomys onicensis, Nesiotites aff. ponsi, Rhinolophus aff. mehelyi and Pipistrellus sp.), at least 14 bird species (among them two Mallorcan endemic taxa: Pica mourerae and Athene vallgornerensis), one reptile (Podarcis aff. lilfordi) and one amphibian (Discoglossus sp.). This faunal composition is similar to the one recorded in the Pedrera de s'Ònix, a well known deposit from the Early Pleistocene of Mallorca, and shared morphological characteristics between taxa of both deposits suggest that the chronology of the Cova des Pas de Vallgornera should be considered Early Pleistocene as well. Both taxonomical analysis and chronology of this fauna furnished information on some speleological aspects of the cave.One of the authors, PB, received support from a JAE-DOC (CSIC) contract (Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios) and from the a Marie Curie IOF, and JR has a “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral Research Fellowship (JCI-2010-06148) of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain. Part of this work has received financial support from MINECOFEDER under grants. This paper is included in the Research Projects CGL2012-38087 (Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), CGL2012-38434-C03-01, GIU12/35 (University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU), and CGL2010-18616. Part of this research was also supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (project MEDITADNA, PIOF-GA-2011-300854, FP7-PEOPLE)Peer Reviewe

The Cova des Pas de Vallgornera (Llucmajor, Mallorca): a singular deposit bearing an exceptional well preserved Early Pleistocene vertebrate fauna