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El objetivo de este articulo es el de proporcionar informacion sobre la carga de entrenamiento a partir del seguimiento de un atleta durante siete meses de preparacion para una competicion de Ironman (3.8 km de natacion, 180 km de ciclismo y 42.195 km de carrera), utilizando una metodologia de entrenamiento con registros diarios de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC). Como variable para evaluar la actividad parasimpatica se calculo la raiz cuadrada de la media de las diferencias de la suma de los cuadrados entre intervalos RR adyacentes (RMSSD) y el indice de estres (SS) como indicador de actividad simpatica. En los meses dos, tres y cuatro presento un moderado incremento del SS ( d =1,17) paralelamente a una moderada disminucion de la RMSSD ( d = -1,04). Para los meses cinco, seis, y siete se observo una pequena disminucion del SS ( d = -0,23) y moderado aumento de la RMSSD ( d = 1,08). Como concusion es que las mediciones de VFC de cinco minutos al despertar parecen ser una forma util de monitorizar el estado de equilibrio parasimpatico en un triatleta antes de abordar las sesiones de entrenamiento. El analisis de esta monitorizacion serviria para detectar precozmente posibles estados de fatiga y para poder modificar, en caso necesario, la planificacion de las cargas de entrenamiento en la preparacion para una competicion de Ironman. Summary. The objective of this article is to provide information on the relationship between external (TL) and internal training load (ITL) from the tracking of an athlete during seven months of preparation for an Ironman competition (3.8 km of swimming, 180 km of cycling, and 42,195 km of running), using a training methodology with daily records of the heart rate variability (HRV). As a variable to assess parasympathetic activity, the square root of the mean of the differences in the sum of the squares between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) was calculated, together with the stress score (SS) as an indicator of sympathetic activity. In months two, three and four, there was a moderate increase in SS (d = 1.17) parallel to a moderate decrease in RMSSD (d = -1.04). In months five, six, and seven, a small decrease in SS (d = -0.23) and a moderate increase in RMSSD (d = 1.08) were observed. As a conclusion, the five-minute HRV measurements upon awakening appear to be a useful tool to monitor the state of parasympathetic equilibrium in a triathlete before approaching training sessions. The analysis of this monitoring would serve to detect possible fatigue states in the early stages and to modify, if necessary, the training load planning in preparation for an Ironman competition.

retos digital/retos

La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en el control del entrenamiento en un corredor de Ironman. Estudio de caso (Heart Rate Varibility in the training monitoring of an Ironman runner. A case study)