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La practica fisico-deportiva es un elemento valioso en la salud integral de los individuos. Sin embargo, el abandono deportivo es un fenomeno que prolifera y se acentua en las etapas de formacion sobre todo en las practicantes femeninas. Los motivos del abandono son multiples y diversos, estando muy marcados por las caracteristicas de la modalidad deportiva y de sus practicantes. El piraguismo en una modalidad muy exigente y competitiva que en el ultimo lustro en nuestro pais ha mostrado una tasa de abandono muy elevada (del 32,9% al 49,7%) entre las deportistas femeninas federadas. El presente estudio pretende reconocer los motivos por los cuales las piraguistas han abandonado la practica contribuyendo a establecer medidas y recomendaciones que atenuen esta realidad en el futuro. Para ello se ha recurrido a una estrategia mixta, combinando un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. El estudio cualitativo se baso en dos Grupos Focales, uno con ex-palistas (n=6) y otro con entrenadoras/es (n=8), mientras que el estudio cuantitativo consistio en un cuestionario ad hoc realizado telefonicamente entre deportistas que abandonaron la modalidad en los tres ultimo anos (n=160). Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que el abandono femenino tiene un caracter multifactorial pero esta muy determinado por los roles de genero vigentes que infravaloran a la mujer palista, la excesiva presion competitiva, la dificultad para conciliar el piraguismo y los estudios, asi como la carencia de categorias de menor nivel competitivo. Las Federaciones y Administraciones deberian realizar un mayor esfuerzo en labores de promocion del piraguismo femenino. Abstract : The physical-sports practice is valuable for any individual’s overall health. However, dropout from sports is an increasing  phenomenon accentuated in the formative stages, especially in female practitioners. Reasons for withdrawing are diverse and highly dependent on the characteristics of each sport and its practitioners. Canoeing in a very demanding and competitive discipline that has shown a very high dropout rate (32.9% to 49.7%) among federated female athletes from our country in the last five years. This study aims to recognize the reasons why canoeists abandon the practice so to help establishing measures and recommendations to mitigate this occurrence in the future. A mixed strategy, combining qualitative and quantitative approach, was employed for the study purposes. The qualitative study was based on two focus groups, one composed by ex-paddlers (n = 6) and one with coaches/s (n = 8), while the quantitative study consisted of an ad-hoc questionnaire conducted by telephone with athletes who withdrew from that sport within the last three years (n = 160). The results confirm that women's dropout has a multifactorial nature, yet it is largely determined by gender biases commonly underestimating paddler women, excessive competitive pressure, difficulty in pairing canoeing and education, and lack of categories with lower competitive level. Federations and authorities should make greater efforts in promoting women's canoeing modality.

retos digital/retos

Mujer y piragua: estudio de las variables moduladoras del abandono deportivo de las mujeres piragüistas en modalidades olímpicas (Women and canoeing: study of the variables modulating withdrawal in canoeists women in Olympic modalities)