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The combination of entrepreneurship and sustainable development has reemerged only recently in science and slightly earlier in political debate guided by the Brundtland Commission’s report (WCED, 1987), the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, and later by the United Nations climate conference in Copenhagen. Since Pastakia’s pioneering article in 1998 this discussion has intensified in just a few years in international, peerreviewed journals as Binder and Belz’s analysis in this book (Chapter 2) indicates. However, the roots of sustainable development in science are as old as those of entrepreneurship itself (Kyrö and Suojanen, 1999; Kyrö, 2001). The very first school of thought in entrepreneurship, the French physiocrats, assumed that economic prosperity was produced by free human beings who by their own efforts, under the conditions of the selfsustaining system of nature, created something new which on its own behalf created economic progress (e.g. Barreto, 1989; Casson, 1982; Wilken, 1979). This fact, even though rarely noticed, seems also to pave the way for the current debate on sustainability and entrepreneurship, bringing along a similar movement from ‘sustainable entrepreneurship’ to ‘making entrepreneurship sustainable’, as Hjorth and Steyaert (2009) argue is achieved in social entrepreneurship. As is typical of a nascent field of research, its understanding, approaches and forms are diverse, and seem to be open to different interpretations in different contexts, as, for example, Johannisson et al. argue in Chapter 5. This contextual bond is also apparent in other chapters of this book. Often entrepreneurship seems to be taken as a transitional tool to tackle the crucial problems calling for change in society and economy. For example, North American and European discourses can be identified. A characteristic of the North American discussion is to take social entrepreneurship as

Introduction: expanding the field of research on entrepreneurship and sustainable development by Paula Kyrö