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Twelve years after the fall of the iron curtain we still see remarkable differences in real GDP per capita between the accession countries and the member states of the European Union. After the strong recession at the beginning of the 1990s most accession countries managed to generate real growth rates of GDP that lie well above the EU average. At the same time unemployment rates rose to relatively high levels – a consequence of the restructuring process from a planned to a market economy. Here the question might be asked whether the wealth gap is diminishing, and what are the driving forces behind what can be called a ‘convergence process’. This volume aims at shedding a light on the problem of economic convergence between regions and countries with different, often vastly different, income-per-capita levels. It will focus on the theoretical fundamentals, on historical evidence and on challenges for economic policy, offering a forum for discussion on the current ‘best policies’ to foster convergence.

Introduction: Welcome remarks from the 2001 conference