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Poor pregnancy outcomes are frequent in developing countries. Thecommonly studied outcomes are low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth andintra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR), both of which are related toLBW. Pregnancy outcomes are influenced by several maternal factorsincluding malaria nutrition, psychological stress and socio-demographicfactors. Apart from nutritional and psycho-socio factors, pregnancyoutcomes are also influenced by maternal anthropometric indices. Indeveloping countries, low prepregnancy body mass indexes are on theother hand predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Most important,poor pregnancy outcomes are not an end in themselves, but lead toincreased neonatal morbidity and mortality, and must therefore becontrolled. In pregnancy, weight gain is affected by prepregnancyweight, age, psychosocial stress and antenatal care advice. Weight gainin pregnancy is also known to influence pregnancy outcomes includingLBW, preterm delivery, small for gestational age delivery (SGA) andcesarean delivery. In Malawi, and generally in the developing world,factors affecting weight gain and the effect of weight gain onpregnancy outcomes have not been studied. The aim of this study was todetermine the anthropometric risk factors for pregnancy outcomes, riskfactors for pregnancy weight gain and effect of weight gain onpregnancy outcomes. These risk factors are of public healthsignificance because they affect human health throughout life.

Maternal Anthropometry and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Poor Pregnancy Outcomes in a Rural Area of Southern Malawi