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Objectif : Les travaux d’amenagement ou de construction en milieu urbain sont source de degradation de la diversite floristique. La presente etude a pour  objectif d’evaluer le degre d’erosion de la phyto-diversite lors des travaux d’ouverture et d’elargissement de voies dans la Commune d’Abomey-Calavi. Methodes et resultats : La demarche methodologique utilisee a consiste a des inventaires floristiques le long des axes routiers elargis et a des entretiens individuels au pres de 100 menages riverains de ces axes. Apres la collecte des donnees, la richesse specifique et la frequence des types d’usages ont ete  calcules. Les resultats revelent qu’au cours de la mise en oeuvre des plans d’amenagement urbain, 544 individus de 20 especes vegetales ont ete abattus sur les 13 axes routiers elargis. Les differentes especes abattues etait exploitees par les populations dans 4 domaines d’utilisations ( medecine (80,77 %),  ombrage (69,23 %), alimentation (53,85 %), emballage (7,69 %)). Conclusion et application : La viabilisation et l’urbanisation de l’espace sont faites au detriment du couvert vegetal, de la diversite floristique et affecte aussi la vie quotidienne des populations qui ne conservaient dans leur entourage que les especes vegetales qui leur etaient utiles. Le reboisement de la  Commune et la conservation des quelques plantes epargnees par les travaux permettraient de reconstruire la diversite floristique et de redonner aux populations les ressources vegetales necessaires pour leur epanouissement. Mots cles : Abomey-Calavi, amenagement urbain, inventaire floristique, phyto-diversite, erosion Urban planning and degradation of phyto-diversity in Abomey-Calavi district (Southern Benin) Objectives : Planning or construction works in urban areas are sources of floristic diversity degradation. This sturdy aims at evaluating the degree of erosion of phyto-diversity during the opening and enlargement of roads in Abomey-Calavi district. Methodology and Results : The methodological approach used comprises floristic inventories along the widened roads axes and the individual interviews of 100 surrounding households along these roads. After  the data collection, the species richness and the types of usages frequency were calculated. Results  reveal that during the implementation of the urban development plans, 544 individuals of 20 plant species were cut down on 13 widened road axes. These species were used by people for 4 different purposes (medicine (80.77%), shading (69.23%), food (53.85%), and wrapping (7.69%)). Conclusion et application : installation of facilities and urbanization of area are made at the detriments of vegetation cover and floristic diversity. They also affect the daily living of people who were only keeping in their surroundings the plant species that were useful. Reforestation of the district and the conservation of some plants spared by the works can help in reconstructing the plant diversity. This will give back to people, the plant resources required for their development. Key words : Abomey-Calavi district, urban planning, floristic inventory, phyto-diversity erosion

Aménagements urbains et dégradation de la phytodiversité dans la Commune d’Abomey-Calavi (Sud- Bénin)