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Objectif: La salinisation est l’un des principaux facteurs de degradation chimique des sols au Senegal. Les terres salees de la zone du Sine Saloum augmentent constamment et representent environ 33% des terres emergees, selon Chauvin (2013). Pour faire face a cette contrainte, la presente etude expose les effets d’un dispositif biomecanique sur les sols sales et la culture du riz a Ndoff dans le bassin fluviomarin du Sine-Saloum. Methodologie et resultats: Le dispositif experimental est en split plot avec 3 repetitions. Le facteur principal est l'espece de reboisement (fixation des diguettes) avec 3 variantes ( Gossypium hirsutum L. (GH), Andropogon gayanus . Kunt. (AG) et un temoin). Le facteur secondaire est la variete de riz avec 3 variantes (« Rock 5 », « WAR 77 » et « Diayi »). Le nombre de repetitions est de 3. La caracterisation des sols du site experimental a permis d’identifier un seul type de sol qui est hydromorphe mineral, sale, sulfate acide, sur materiau sableux alluvio-colluvionnaire. Une baisse significative de la conductivite electrique (CE) et une augmentation du pH montrent que le dispositif biomecanique mis en place a fortement ameliore les caracteristiques physico-chimiques du sol. La variete locale de riz Diayi, en presence d’une plantation de G. hirsutum L. (GH) sur les diguettes, a obtenu la moyenne la plus importante pour le nombre total de talles productives, le nombre de plants avec epis et la longueur des epis. Le rendement grain de la premiere campagne a ete nul a cause d’un deficit pluviometrique mais celui de la biomasse a ete encourageant (10,96 t.ha -1 ). Conclusion et application des resultats: Ainsi, l’amenagement biomecanique des sols, accompagne d’une bonne fertilisation organo-minerale et de bonnes pratiques culturales et d’un choix de varietes adaptees est un procede efficace pour la recuperation et valorisation des terres salees dans la vallee de Ndoff. Toutefois, cette experience meriterait d’etre menee avec d’autres varietes de riz ameliorees a cycle court. Mots cles: Fatick, Ndoff, salinite, acidite, biomecanique, recuperation, riz English Abstract Objective: The main factors of chemical soil degradation in Senegal is salinization (Sadio 1991). The saline lands of the Sine Saloum area are constantly increasing and represent about 33% of the land surface, according to Chauvin (2013). To address this constraint, the present study exposes the effects of biomechanical design on saline soils and rice cultivation in the Sine-Saloum fluviomarine basin. Methodology and results: The experimental design is a split plot with the species factor of small bunds fixation with three variants (main factor) and the variety factor with three variants (secondary factor). The three rice varieties used are: Diayi (local variety), the War 77 and Rock5 (new varieties). The three plant species for fixing the bunds are: Gossypium hirsutum L. (GH), Andropogon gayanus . Kunt (AG) and Vetiveria zizanioides L. (VZ). The number of repetitions is 3. The results of the experimental site soil characterization revealed that the ground on which the test was conducted is a mineral, salty, acid, sulfated hydro-morph soil, on sandy alluvial-colluvial material. A significant decrease in the electrical conductivity (EC) and an increase in pH show that the established biomechanical device has greatly improved the physical and chemical soil characteristics. Local rice variety (Diayi) in the presence of a plantation of G. hirsutum L. (GH) on the bunds, received the largest average for the total number of productive suckers, the number of plants with ears and the length of the ears. The grain yield of the first season was zero because of a rainfall deficit but that of the biomass was encouraging (10, 96 t.ha -1 ) Thus, soil biomechanical design, accompanied by a good organo-mineral fertilizers and good agricultural practices is an effective method for the reclamation and valorization of saline lands. However, this experience deserves to be experienced with other short cycle improved rice varieties. Keywords: Fatick, Ndoff, salinity, acidity, biomechanics, recovery, rice

journal of applied biosciences

Effet d’un dispositif biomécanique sur la récupération des sols salés et la culture du riz dans le bassin fluvio-marin du Sine-Saloum à Ndoff (Sénégal)