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Objectif: Cette etude vise a connaitre le regime alimentaire des poissons eleves dans les etangs piscicoles en Basse-Casamance. Methodes et resultats: Afin de fournir des informations sur la nourriture des poissons eleves, des prelevements d’eau des etangs et de contenus stomacaux des poissons recoltes, ont ete analyses de juillet 2014 a mars 2016. La presence et l’abondance de phytoplanctons, dans ces prelevements, ont montre l’existence d’un reseau trophique constitue d’une chaine alimentaire planctophage et d’une autre detritivore. La premiere montre une similarite de regime alimentaire chez Sarotherodon melanotheron (Tilapia a gorge noire) aussi bien a Bandial qu’a Mlomp. Une autre similarite de regime planctophage est notee entre Sarotherodon melanotheron , Tilapia guineensis (Tilapia de guinee) et le groupe des mulets qui se nourrissent en partie de Gyrosigma atenuatum dans les deux contrees. Le regime alimentaire detritivore est note chez Ethmalosa fimbriata (Etnmalose) et Hemichromis bimaculatus (Cichlide joyaux a deux taches). Un regime alimentaire omnivore est note chez Hemichromis fasciatus (Hemichromis raye) qui se nourrit a la fois de detritus vegetaux et de larves d’insectes comme c’est le cas chez les fretins du groupe des mulets. En definitive, la taille des principales especes de poisson a la recolte laisse penser que la productivite naturelle des etangs, associee aux nutriments charries par les eaux de ruissellement, suffit a nourrir convenablement les poissons. Toutefois, un apport alimentaire pourrait booster la croissance de certaines especes de poissons notamment Pomadasys jubelini (Carpe blanche), Solea senegalensis (sole du Senegal) et Sphyraena barracuda (Barracudas) a Bandial. Une telle mesure pourrait certainement se traduire par une production de poissons de meilleure qualite chez Mugil cephalus (Mulet cabot), Liza grandisquamis (Mulet a grandes ecailles), L. falcipinis (Mulet a grandes nageoires), Elops Lacerta (Guinee du Senegal), Tilapia guineensis , Sarotherodon melanotheron et Hemichromis fasciatus . La productivite naturelle des etangs indique que la pisciculture extensive peut servir de moteur de developpement de l’aquaculture au Senegal. L’exploitation du savoir local a permis de fabrique un aliment en cours de test dans les bassins piscicoles du departement d’agroforesterie. Mots cles: detritivore, etangs poissons, phytoplancton, regime alimentaire, similarite English Title:  Diet analysis of fishes in traditional ponds at low-Casamance (Senegal) English Abstract Objective: This study aims at knowing the diet of breed-raised fish in ponds in Lower Casamance. Methods and Results: To provide information on the diet of breed-raised fish, water samples of ponds and stomach contents of collected fishes were analyzed from July, 2014 to March, 2016. The presence and abundance of phytoplankton, in these samples, showed the existence of a trophic network consisting of a planktophagous food chain and a detritivore food chain. The first shows a similarity of diet for Sarotherodon melanotheron (Blackchin tilapia) in Bandial and Mlomp. Another similarity of a planktophagous diet is noted between Sarotherodon melanotheron , Tilapia guineensis (Guinean tilapia), and the group of mules which feed partly on Gyrosigma atenuatum in both regions. The detritivore diet is noted for Ethmalosa fimbriata and Hemichromis bimaculatus (Jewelfish). An omnivorous diet is noted for Hemichromis fasciatus which feeds both on plant detritus and insect larvae. Ultimately, the size of the main fish species harvested suggests that the natural productivity of ponds, coupled with nutrients transported by runoff water, is sufficient to feed the fish properly. However, a food intake could boost the growth of some fish species including Pomadasys jubelini (Sompat grunt), Solea senegalensis (lascar) and Sphyraena barracuda (Great barracuda). Such a measure could certainly lead to a high quality fish production for Mugil cephalus (Grey mullet), Liza grandisquamis (Largescaled Mullet), L. falcipinis (Sicklefin mullet), Elops Lacerta (West African ladyfish), Tilapia guineensis,  Sarotherodon melanotheron and Hemichromis fasciatus (Banded jewelfish) .The natural productivity of the ponds indicates that the extensive fish breeding can be used as engine of development of aquiculture in Senegal. The exploitation of the local knowledge allowed of manufactured a food in the course of test in the piscicultural basins of the agroforestry department. Keywords: diet, ponds, fish, phytoplankton, scavenger, similarity

Analyse du régime alimentaire de l’ichtyofaune dans les étangs piscicoles traditionnels de la Basse Casamance (Sénégal)