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To test the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of autoclaved L. major (ALM) vaccine mixed with BCG.Kala-azar endemic area of eastern Sudan.This was a randomised, double blind and BCG controlled phase I/II study.Eighty healthy volunteers (forty children and forty adults) with no past history of kala-azar, no reactivity to leishmanin antigen and with a reciprocal direct agglutination test (DAT) titre of <200 were recruited. Informed consents were obtained from volunteers or their guardians in case of children.Conversion in the leishmanin skin and the DAT tests.Two intra-dermal injections of either ALM+BCG or BCG alone. The injections were three weeks apart.Side effects were minimal and confined to the injection site, with no significant difference between the ALM+BCG and the BCG alone groups. The leishmanin skin conversion was significantly higher in the ALM+BCG group compared to the BCG alone group (p<0.0005). Furthermore, the Leishmanin skin test conversion was significantly higher in children than adults (p<0.0005). One adult volunteer in the ALM+BCG group converted in both the Leishmanin skin and the DAT tests.We conclude that two doses of ALM+BCG are safe and immunogenic, especially in children.

Safety and immunogenicity of an autoclaved <i>Leishmania major</i> vaccine