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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been spreading rapidly worldwide forthe past two decades, causing a variety of symptoms known as the Acquired ImmuneDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which has killed millions of people, and which lookslikely to kill millions more. Generally, HIV infection rates are currently decreasing inseveral countries, but globally the number of people living with HIV/AIDS continuesto rise both geographically and among specific demographic groups. For example,despite the remarkable efforts that are being made throughout Africa to avert thespread of HIV and reduce its impact, the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa continues tospread obstinately. Among the vexing issues related to the AIDS epidemic are the insufficient provisions of planners, policy makers and the public in general in curbing its devastating consequences to the health sector, households, schools, workplaces, economies and the quality of life as a whole. This paper presents information on the association between socio-demographic variables and AIDS prevalence in some African and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries.The studied variables included size of population; population density; urbanization;average life expectancy; average female life expectancy; average male lifeexpectancy; literacy; female and male literacy; population increase; infant mortality;average daily calorie intake; gross domestic product (GDP) per capita; religion;fertility rates; death rates; and AIDS-rate. Several parametric and nonparametricstatistical techniques were adopted including Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney andChi-square tests. Insignificant difference in the means of AIDS-rates between the OECD countries and the African group was found, but the difference was significant when the USA was excluded from the analysis. As initially expected, life expectancy in the OECDcountries was significantly higher than that of the African group while the averagerates of infant mortality, population growth, fertility, and death were significantlyhigher within the African group. Significant association between AIDS-rate and life expectancy was only found for African males, while association with fertility, infant mortality, population density, and calorie intakes was statistically insignificant. No clear difference between urban and rural areas with respect to AIDS-rates was discerned. Communities of Muslims were less subject to the AIDS problem. In conclusion, future studies should devotemore attention toward impacts on HIV/AIDS prevalence of other equally importantvariables such as access to social and health care services, cultural norms, ethnicdiversity, and educational facilities. Keywords : Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Africa, Mortality AJFAND Vol. 8 (1) 2008 pp. 1-16

african journal of food, agriculture, nutrition and development

Socio-Demographic Variables Associated With Aids Epidemic: Evidence From The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development And The African Countries