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L\'alimentation hydrique est le principal facteur limitant la productivite du palmier a huile ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Les reponses physiologiques des plantules, soumises a un deficit hydrique, ont ete evaluees sous serre, dans des pots durant 4 mois. En vue d\'identifier des criteres discriminants au jeune âge pour une utilisation en selection varietale, du materiel sensible et un autre tolerant a la secheresse ont ete soumis a un cycle de dessechement - rehydratation. Les parametres tels que : le statut hydrique (taux de transpiration relative, potentiel hydrique foliaire), les echanges gazeux (photosynthese, conductance stomatique) et l\'activite photochimique (fluorescence chlorophyllienne) ont ete etudies. Le regime hydrique a fortement affecte l\'ensemble des parametres etudies. Le taux de satisfaction des besoins en eau a varie de 90 a 4 %, et le potentiel hydrique a atteint une valeur de -3 MPa trois semaines apres suspension de l\'arrosage. Pendant la phase de rehydratation, les plantules ont presente une capacite de reprise satisfaisante. Malgreune bonne correlation, les deux parametres d\'echanges gazeux ne peuvent etre proposes isolement comme criteres de selection dans les conditions de l\'experience. Par contre, la mesure de la fluorescence chlorophyllienne a permis de distinguer le materiel tolerant du sensible au bout d\'une semaine. Ces resultats ouvrent une perspective dans la selection de genotypes de palmier a huile tolerants a la secheresse au jeune âge. Water deficit is the main limiting factor in oil palm production ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in West Africa.Physiological responses to drought plantlets were accessed under green house conditions for 4 months. A drought tolerant species and a sensitive one were subject to one wetting and drying cycle. Parameters such as water status (transpiration rate, water potential), leaf gas exchanges (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance) and photochemical activity (chlorophyll fluorescence) were monitored. Results show that all parameters wereaffected by watering. Transpiration rate dropped from 90 to 4 %, with a leaf potential close to -3 MPa three weeks after watering was interrupted. Despite a good correlation, the two leaf gas exchange parameters alone were not relevant criteria for the early screening of oil palm material. However, chlorophyll fluorescence data allowed early screening of both genotypes within one week after withdrawal of watering. The latter parametercan offer effective tool to oil palm breeders for screening young oil palm genotypes to drought tolerance. Key-words Keywords : Elaeis guineensis , palmier a huile, deficit hydrique, photosynthese, fluorescence chlorophyllienne, Cote d\'Ivoire. Agronomie Africaine Vol. 19 (1) 2007: pp. 1-12

agronomie africaine

Criteres Physiologiques Discriminants Au Jeune Age Pour La Selection De Genotypes De Palmier A Huile (&lt;i&gt;Elaeis guineensis&lt;/i&gt; Jacq.) Tolerants A La Secheresse